这是一篇总结的文章，主要介绍 hadoop 集群快速部署权限的步骤以及一些注意事项，包括 Hadoop 各个组件集成 kerberos、openldap 和 sentry 的过程。如果你想了解详细的过程，请参考本博客中其他的文章。
1. 开始之前
hadoop 集群一共有三个节点，每个节点的 ip、hostname、角色如下：
192.168.56.121 cdh1 NameNode、kerberos-server、ldap-server、sentry-store
192.168.56.122 cdh2 DataNode、yarn、hive、impala
192.168.56.123 cdh3 DataNode、yarn、hive、impala
一些注意事项：
- 操作系统为 CentOs6.2
- Hadoop 版本为 CDH5.2
- hostname 请使用小写，因为 kerberos 中区分大小写，而 hadoop 中会使用 hostname 的小写替换
_HOST，impala 直接使用 hostname 替换_HOST。 - 开始之前，请确认 hadoop 集群部署安装成功，不管是否配置 HA，请规划好每个节点的角色。我这里为了简单，以三个节点的集群为例做说明，你可以参考本文并结合你的实际情况做调整。
- 请确认防火墙关闭，以及集群内和 kerberos 以及 ldap 服务器保持时钟同步。
- cdh1 为管理节点，故需要做好 cdh1 到集群所有节点的无密码登陆，包括其本身。
集群中每个节点的 hosts 如下：
$ cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.56.121 cdh1
192.168.56.122 cdh2
192.168.56.123 cdh3
为了方便管理集群，使用 cdh1 作为管理节点，并在 /opt/shell 目录编写了几脚本，/opt/shell/cmd.sh 用于批量执行命令：
$ cat /opt/shell/cmd.sh
#!/bin/sh
for node in 121 122 123;do
echo "==============="192.168.56.$node"==============="
ssh 192.168.56.$node $1
done
/opt/shell/cmd.sh 用于批量执行命令：
$ cat /opt/shell/syn.sh
#!/bin/sh
for node in 121 122 123;do
echo "==============="192.168.56.$node"==============="
scp -r $1 192.168.56.$node:$2
done
/opt/shell/cluster.sh 用于批量维护集群各个服务：
$ cat /opt/shell/cluster.sh
#!/bin/sh
for node in 121 122 123;do
echo "==============="192.168.56.$node"==============="
ssh 192.168.56.$node 'for src in `ls /etc/init.d|grep '$1'`;do service $src '$2'; done'
done
2. 安装 kerberos
在 cdh1 节点修改 /etc/krb5.conf 如下：
[logging]
default = FILE:/var/log/krb5libs.log
kdc = FILE:/var/log/krb5kdc.log
admin_server = FILE:/var/log/kadmind.log
[libdefaults]
default_realm = JAVACHEN.COM
dns_lookup_realm = false
dns_lookup_kdc = false
clockskew = 120
ticket_lifetime = 24h
renew_lifetime = 7d
forwardable = true
renewable = true
udp_preference_limit = 1
default_tgs_enctypes = arcfour-hmac
default_tkt_enctypes = arcfour-hmac
[realms]
JAVACHEN.COM = {
kdc = cdh1:88
admin_server = cdh1:749
}
[domain_realm]
.javachen.com = JAVACHEN.COM
javachen.com = JAVACHEN.COM
[kdc]
profile=/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf
修改/var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kdc.conf 如下：
[kdcdefaults]
v4_mode = nopreauth
kdc_ports = 88
kdc_tcp_ports = 88
[realms]
JAVACHEN.COM = {
#master_key_type = aes256-cts
acl_file = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl
dict_file = /usr/share/dict/words
admin_keytab = /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.keytab
supported_enctypes = des3-hmac-sha1:normal arcfour-hmac:normal des-hmac-sha1:normal des-cbc-md5:normal des-cbc-crc:normal des-cbc-crc:v4 des-cbc-crc:afs3
max_life = 24h
max_renewable_life = 7d
default_principal_flags = +renewable, +forwardable
}
修改 /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/kadm5.acl 如下：
*/admin@JAVACHEN.COM *
将 cdh1 上的 /etc/krb5.conf 同步到集群各个节点上：
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /etc/krb5.conf /etc/krb5.conf
在 kerberos 服务器节点上使用下面脚本初始化 kerberos：
yum install krb5-server krb5-libs krb5-auth-dialog krb5-workstation -y
rm -rf /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/*.keytab /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/prin*
kdb5_util create -r JAVACHEN.COM -s
chkconfig --level 35 krb5kdc on
chkconfig --level 35 kadmin on
service krb5kdc restart
service kadmin restart
echo -e "root\nroot" | kadmin.local -q "addprinc root/admin"
DNS=JAVACHEN.COM
hostname=`hostname -i`
#读取/etc/host文件中ip为 192.168.56 开头的机器名称并排除自己（kerberos 服务器）
for host in `cat /etc/hosts|grep 192.168.56|grep -v $hostname|awk '{print $2}'` ;do
for user in hdfs; do
kadmin.local -q "addprinc -randkey $user/$host@$DNS"
kadmin.local -q "xst -k /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/$user-un.keytab $user/$host@$DNS"
done
for user in HTTP hive yarn mapred impala zookeeper sentry llama zkcli ; do
kadmin.local -q "addprinc -randkey $user/$host@$DNS"
kadmin.local -q "xst -k /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/$user.keytab $user/$host@$DNS"
done
done
cd /var/kerberos/krb5kdc/
echo -e "rkt hdfs-un.keytab\nrkt HTTP.keytab\nwkt hdfs.keytab" | ktutil
将其保存为 /root/init_kerberos.sh，然后运行：
sh /root/init_kerberos.sh
将上面生成的 keytab 同步到其他节点并设置权限：
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/hdfs.keytab /etc/hadoop/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/mapred.keytab /etc/hadoop/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/yarn.keytab /etc/hadoop/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/hive.keytab /etc/hive/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/impala.keytab /etc/impala/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/zookeeper.keytab /etc/zookeeper/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/zkcli.keytab /etc/zookeeper/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /opt/keytab/sentry.keytab /etc/sentry/conf/
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "chown hdfs:hadoop /etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/hadoop/conf/*.keytab"
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "chown mapred:hadoop /etc/hadoop/conf/mapred.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/hadoop/conf/*.keytab"
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "chown yarn:hadoop /etc/hadoop/conf/yarn.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/hadoop/conf/*.keytab"
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "chown hive:hadoop /etc/hive/conf/hive.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/hive/conf/*.keytab"
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "chown impala:hadoop /etc/impala/conf/impala.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/impala/conf/*.keytab"
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "chown zookeeper:hadoop /etc/zookeeper/conf/*.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/zookeeper/conf/*.keytab"
# sentry 只安装在 cdh1 节点
chown sentry:hadoop /etc/sentry/conf/*.keytab ;chmod 400 /etc/sentry/conf/*.keytab
在集群中每个节点安装 kerberos 客户端：
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "yum install krb5-devel krb5-workstation -y"
批量获取 root/admin 用户的 ticket
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "echo root|kinit root/admin"
3. hadoop 集成 kerberos
更新每个节点上的 JCE 文件并修改 /etc/default/hadoop-hdfs-datanode，并且修改 hdfs、yarn、mapred、hive 的配置文件。
如果配置了 HA，则先配置 zookeeper 集成 kerberos。
同步配置文件：
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /etc/hadoop/conf /etc/hadoop
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /etc/zookeeper/conf /etc/zookeeper
sh /opt/shell/cmd.sh "cd /etc/hadoop/conf/; chown root:yarn container-executor.cfg ; chmod 400 container-executor.cfg"
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /etc/hive/conf /etc/hive
接下来就是依次获取每个服务对应的 ticket 并启动对应的服务，我创建了一个脚本 /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh 来做这件事：
#!/bin/bash
role=$1
dir=$role
command=$2
if [ X"$role" == X"hdfs" ];then
dir=hadoop
fi
if [ X"$role" == X"yarn" ];then
dir=hadoop
fi
if [ X"$role" == X"mapred" ];then
dir=hadoop
fi
echo $dir $role $command
for node in 121 122 123 ;do
echo "========192.168.56.$node========"
ssh 192.168.56.$node '
host=`hostname -f| tr "[:upper:]" "[:lower:]"`
path="'$role'/$host"
#echo $path
principal=`klist -k /etc/'$dir'/conf/'$role'.keytab | grep $path | head -n1 | cut -d " " -f5`
echo $principal
if [ X"$principal" == X ]; then
principal=`klist -k /etc/'$dir'/conf/'$role'.keytab | grep $path | head -n1 | cut -d " " -f4`
echo $principal
if [ X"$principal" == X ]; then
echo "Failed to get hdfs Kerberos principal"
exit 1
fi
fi
kinit -kt /etc/'$dir'/conf/'$role'.keytab $principal
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
echo "Failed to login as hdfs by kinit command"
exit 1
fi
kinit -R
for src in `ls /etc/init.d|grep '$role'`;do service $src '$command'; done
'
done
启动命令：
# 启动 zookeeper
sh /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh zookeeper restart
# 获取 hdfs 服务的 ticket
sh /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh hdfs status
# 使用普通脚本依次启动 hadoop-hdfs-zkfc、hadoop-hdfs-journalnode、hadoop-hdfs-namenode、hadoop-hdfs-datanode
sh /opt/shell/cluster.sh hadoop-hdfs-zkfc restart
sh /opt/shell/cluster.sh hadoop-hdfs-journalnode restart
sh /opt/shell/cluster.sh hadoop-hdfs-namenode restart
sh /opt/shell/cluster.sh hadoop-hdfs-datanode restart
sh /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh yarn restart
sh /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh mapred restart
sh /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh hive restart
修改 impala 配置文件并同步到其他节点，然后启动 impala 服务：
\cp /etc/hadoop/conf/core-site.xml /etc/impala/conf/
\cp /etc/hadoop/conf/hdfs-site.xml /etc/impala/conf/
\cp /etc/hive/conf/hive-site.xml /etc/impala/conf/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /etc/impala/conf /etc/impala/
sh /opt/shell/syn.sh /etc/default/impala /etc/default/impala
sh /opt/shell/manager_cluster.sh impala restart
到此，集群应该启动成功了。
3. 安装 ldap
使用下面命令在 cdh1 节点快速安装 ldap-server：
yum install db4 db4-utils db4-devel cyrus-sasl* krb5-server-ldap -y
yum install openldap openldap-servers openldap-clients openldap-devel compat-openldap -y
# 更新配置库：
rm -rf /var/lib/ldap/*
cp /usr/share/openldap-servers/DB_CONFIG.example /var/lib/ldap/DB_CONFIG
chown -R ldap.ldap /var/lib/ldap
# 备份原来的 slapd-conf
cp -rf /etc/openldap/slapd.d /etc/openldap/slapd.d.bak
cp /usr/share/doc/krb5-server-ldap-1.10.3/kerberos.schema /etc/openldap/schema/
touch /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
echo "include /etc/openldap/schema/corba.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/core.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/cosine.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/duaconf.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/dyngroup.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/inetorgperson.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/java.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/misc.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/nis.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/openldap.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/ppolicy.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/collective.schema
include /etc/openldap/schema/kerberos.schema" > /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
echo -e "pidfile /var/run/openldap/slapd.pid\nargsfile /var/run/openldap/slapd.args" >> /etc/openldap/slapd.conf
slaptest -f /etc/openldap/slapd.conf -F /etc/openldap/slapd.d
chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/slapd.d && chmod -R 700 /etc/openldap/slapd.d
#重启服务
chkconfig --add slapd
chkconfig --level 345 slapd on
/etc/init.d/slapd restart
集成 kerberos：
# 创建管理员用户
kadmin.local -q "addprinc ldapadmin@JAVACHEN.COM"
kadmin.local -q "addprinc -randkey ldap/cdh1@JAVACHEN.COM"
rm -rf /etc/openldap/ldap.keytab
kadmin.local -q "ktadd -k /etc/openldap/ldap.keytab ldap/cdh1@JAVACHEN.COM"
chown -R ldap:ldap /etc/openldap/ldap.keytab
/etc/init.d/slapd restart
创建 modify.ldif 文件用于更新数据库：
dn: olcDatabase={2}bdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcSuffix
olcSuffix: dc=javachen,dc=com
dn: olcDatabase={2}bdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
replace: olcRootDN
# Temporary lines to allow initial setup
olcRootDN: uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com
dn: olcDatabase={2}bdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcRootPW
olcRootPW: secret
dn: cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcAuthzRegexp
olcAuthzRegexp: uid=([^,]*),cn=GSSAPI,cn=auth uid=$1,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com
dn: olcDatabase={2}bdb,cn=config
changetype: modify
add: olcAccess
# Everyone can read everything
olcAccess: {0}to dn.base="" by * read
# The ldapadm dn has full write access
olcAccess: {1}to * by dn="uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com" write by * read
运行下面命令更新数据库：
ldapmodify -Y EXTERNAL -H ldapi:/// -f modify.ldif
添加用户和组，创建 setup.ldif 如下：
dn: dc=javachen,dc=com
objectClass: top
objectClass: dcObject
objectclass: organization
o: javachen com
dc: javachen
dn: ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com
objectclass: organizationalUnit
ou: people
description: Users
dn: ou=group,dc=javachen,dc=com
objectClass: organizationalUnit
ou: group
dn: uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com
objectClass: inetOrgPerson
objectClass: posixAccount
objectClass: shadowAccount
cn: LDAP admin account
uid: ldapadmin
sn: ldapadmin
uidNumber: 1001
gidNumber: 100
homeDirectory: /home/ldap
loginShell: /bin/bash
运行下面命令导入到数据库：
ldapadd -x -D "uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com" -w secret -f setup.ldif
接下来，可以在 ldap 服务器上创建一些本地系统用户，然后将这些用户导入到 ldap 服务中。
先安装 migrationtools 然后修改 /usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_common.ph 文件中的 defalut DNS domain 和 defalut base。
# 创建 admin 组
groupadd admin
# 创建 test 和 hive 用户，用于后面测试 sentry
useradd test hive
usermod -G admin test
usermod -G admin hive
# 将关键用户导入到 ldap
grep -E "bi_|hive|test" /etc/passwd >/opt/passwd.txt
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_passwd.pl /opt/passwd.txt /opt/passwd.ldif
ldapadd -x -D "uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com" -w secret -f /opt/passwd.ldif
# 将 admin 组导入到 ldap
grep -E "admin" /etc/group >/opt/group.txt
/usr/share/migrationtools/migrate_group.pl /opt/group.txt /opt/group.ldif
ldapadd -x -D "uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com" -w secret -f /opt/group.ldif
然后，你可以依次为每个用户设置密码，使用下面命令：
ldappasswd -x -D 'uid=ldapadmin,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com' -w secret "uid=hive,ou=people,dc=javachen,dc=com" -S
另外，这些用户和组都是存在于 ldap 服务器上的，需要将其远程挂载到 hadoop 的每个节点上，否则，你需要在每个节点创建对应的用户和组（目前，测试是这样的）。
4. 集成 sentry
这部分建议使用数据库的方式存储规则，不建议生产环境使用文件保存方式。
详细的配置，请参考 Impala和Hive集成Sentry
通过 beeline 使用 hive/cdh1@JAVACHEN.COM 连接 hive-server2 创建一些角色和组：
create role admin_role;
GRANT ALL ON SERVER server1 TO ROLE admin_role;
GRANT ROLE admin_role TO GROUP admin;
GRANT ROLE admin_role TO GROUP hive;
create role test_role;
GRANT ALL ON DATABASE testdb TO ROLE test_role;
GRANT ALL ON DATABASE default TO ROLE test_role;
GRANT ROLE test_role TO GROUP test;
上面 amdin 和 hive 组具有所有数据库的管理员权限，而 test 组只有 testdb 和 default 库的读写权限。
在 impala-shell 中通过 ldap 的方式传入不同的用户，可以测试读写权限。
